What movement was characterized by calls for a national income tax and government control of railroads?

The Populist Party emerged in the late 19th century, primarily representing the interests of farmers and laborers who felt marginalized by the prevailing economic conditions. The party called for significant reforms to balance the power dynamics in the United States, particularly focusing on issues such as a national income tax and government control of key industries like railroads.

This demand for a national income tax was aimed at addressing wealth inequality, while government control of railroads was intended to regulate rates and practices that were often seen as exploitative. Railroads were crucial to the economy, yet many farmers faced high shipping costs that ate into their profits. By advocating for these reforms, the Populist Party sought to create a more equitable economic system.

The other movements mentioned had different focuses. The Greenback Party, for instance, concentrated more on monetary reform and advocating for the issuance of paper currency to help alleviate the debts of farmers. The Progressives were concerned with a broader range of social issues, including labor rights and urban reforms, but their approach to reforms was more mainstream and incorporated into existing political structures. The Farmers' Alliance was primarily an agricultural organization that sought to improve conditions for farmers, but it did not evolve into a political party advocating for comprehensive measures like those of